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On the fifth day of Iyar – 15 May 1948 – The State of Israel is established After two thousand years of exile, the Jewish people have an independent State 1949 Israel is one year old. The War of Independence ends. Approximately 6,000 men and women are killed in the war – almost 1% of the country’s population of 650,000. 1 of every 6 Jews lives in Jerusalem. Today 1 of every 16. During the next 12 years approximately 1,000,000 immigrants arrive in the country: 439,000 from Europe, 237,000 from Africa, 275,000 from Asia. Most of the immigrants arrive at[�]

According to people who lived under the Nazi occupation of Paris, Béatrice de Camondo would often ride her well-groomed horse in the Bois de Boulogne park, accompanied by a German officer. One can only assume that while meandering among the chestnut and sycamore trees, Béatrice probably entertained the thought that a day would come when her privileged last name would no longer impress the Germans and they would stop providing her with a regular escort. However, even if she let her imagination run wild, it is highly unlikely that she envisioned her life ending soon in the gas chambers of[�]